Protein synthesis is a process by which cells build proteins. It involves two main steps - transcription and translation. During transcription, genetic information from DNA is copied into RNA (messenger RNA or mRNA). This mRNA then serves as a template for the assembly of protein molecules through a process called translation. In this step, ribosomes read the mRNA sequence and assemble amino acids in the order specified by the mRNA to form a polypeptide chain (protein). Proteins are essential macromolecules that perform various functions within cells such as structural support, enzymatic activity, transportation of molecules, cell signaling, and more.